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Due to high demand, we are working to make each chapter accessible to the relevant participants. In this particular chapter, we will be featuring an expert for the session. Chapter 4: Sustainability and Climate Policy, Culture, and Governance - Exam weightage: 8 - 12 questions This chapter examines the wider policy and cultural context in which the move toward sustainability and climate risk integration in the private sector has occurred. It starts by describing international sustainability and climate policy frameworks to date and the challenges inherent in attempts to reduce emissions through global agreements. The specific Learning Objectives for this chapter are as follows: • Discuss the evolution of international climate policy. • Understand the relative scale of emissions by country. • Summarize the history, outcomes, and obligations of major international climate agreements, and distinguish from the goals set in the Paris Agreement. • Understand characteristics of the Paris Agreement. • Explain the structure, benefits, and drawbacks of carbon pricing policies, including carbon taxes and emissions trading schemes. • Describe sector-specific climate policies, such as the transportation and power generation sectors. • Explain how climate policy occurs at the national and subnational levels. • Describe and differentiate Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions. • Recognize the challenges associated with accounting for Scope 3 emissions. • Differentiate the types of private-sector sustainability and climate investment policies, and how public policy has been used to promote adoption of green finance. • Describe the function, purpose, and challenges of green taxonomies. • Discuss how central banks incorporate climate change into supervision practices. • Identify methods used to enforce sustainable investment and disclosure policies. • Describe the trends in private-sector climate frameworks and identify important climate groupings.